Treatment of chronic renal failure consists of controlling the symptoms, minimizing the complications, and delaying the progressive loss of kidney function. Any associated diseases that cause or result from chronic failure must be controlled; examples include hypertension, congestive heart failure, and glomerulonephritis.

Fluid intake may be restricted, and dietary restrictions can slow waste buildup in the bloodstream as well as alleviate the nausea and vomiting the patient is experiencing. The amount of protein in diet is often low, and salt, potassium, phosphorus, and other electrolytes may be restricted. Blood transfusions or iron and erythropoietin supplements may be taken to control anemia.

Most cases of chronic renal failure progress to end-stage renal disease. Dialysis or kidney transplantation may eventually be required to treat the symptoms of end-stage renal disease.