Reference Ranges
Color:
all shades of yellow
Protein
(mg/dL): Negative
Blood: Negative
Appearance: clear
Glucose (mg/dL):
Negative
Urobilinogen (mg/dL): 0.2
Specific Gravity:
1.015-1.030
Ketones (mg/dL):
Negative
Nitrite: Negative
pH: 5.0-8.0
Bilirubin:
Negative
Leukocytes: Negative
Microscopic
Red Blood Cells: 0-2 RBC/hpf
White Blood Cells: 0-5 WBC/hpf
Squamous Epithelial Cells: 0-5 cells/hpf
Transitional Epithelial Cells: 0-5 cells/hpf
Renal Epithelial Cells: 0-5 cells/hpf
Hyaline Casts: 0-2 casts/lpf
Cellular Casts: none - always pathological
Granular Casts: none - always pathological
Uric Acid Crystals: can be normal in acidic urine
Calcium Oxalate Crystals: can be normal in acidic urine
Bacteria: if less than 105/mL then it is considered contamination
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