Case Study: Female with Painful Urination Answers



5. The most probable diagnosis of this disease is acute pyelonephritis.  This diagnosis is best made by the presence of WBC casts and granular casts present in the urine.  The diagnosis of pyelonephritis rather than cystitis can be determined due to the presence of protein in the urine which signifies a problem with the kidneys (upper urinary tract) rather than the bladder (lower urinary tract). The most common treatment are the antibiotics amoxicillin, cephalosporins, sulfa drugs, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.  

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