Answer 3

  1. The cells are red blood cells. The normal reference range for red blood cells is 0-2/hpf in a healthy individual. Red blood cells originate from the vascular system. Disease or damage to the kidneys can result in the output of red blood cells from the urinary tract.

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Reference: Brunzel, Nancy A. Fundamentals of Urine & Body Fluid Analysis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2004: 188.

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