Institute of Energy Conversion

 

 

IEC Publications 1990 - 1999

    1990

  1. "Photovoltaics and Electric Utilities:  An Evaluation of Utility Attitudes and Expectations," Daniel Rich, Bill N. Baron, Craig McDonnell, and Constantine Hajilambrinos, 9th Euro. Communities PV Solar Energy Conf., 661 (1990) and Solar Cells29, 25 (1990).
  2. "Auger Line Shape and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Analysis of Amorphous, Microcrystalline, and ß-SiC," A. J. Nelson, A. R. Mason, A. B. Swartzlander, L. L. Kazmerski, N. Saxena, C. M. Fortmann, and T. W. F. Russell, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8(3), 1538 (1990). 
  3. "Mercury-Sensitized Photochemical Vapor Deposition of Amorphous Silicon," D. E. Albright, N. Saxena, C. M. Fortmann, R. E. Rocheleau, and T. W. F. Russell, AIChE Journal 36(10), 1555, (1990).
  4. "Reactor Analysis of Copper Indium Selenization," R.D. Varrin, Jr., S. Verma, R.W. Birkmire, B.E. McCandless, and T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 529 (1990).
  5. "Options for Fabrication and Design of CuInSe2 Based Solar Cells," R.W. Birkmire, W.N. Shafarman, and R.D. Varrin, Jr., Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 550 (1990).
  6. "Effect of Oxidation-Reduction Heat Treatments on CuInSe2/CdS Device Behavior," M. Roy and J.E. Phillips, Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 743 (1990).
  7. "Determination of Diffusion Length with Bi-Facial Spectral Response," J.E. Phillips, Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 782 (1990).
  8. "a-SiGe:H Alloy Material Limitations and Device Considerations," C.M. Fortmann, Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC,  1493 (1990).
  9. "Capacitance Studies of  a-SiGe:H p-i-n Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus, Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 1544 (1990).
  10. "Deposition Condition, Hydrogen Content, and the Staebler-Wronski Effect in Amorphous Silicon," C.M. Fortmann and T. Zhou,  Proc. 21st IEEE PVSC, 1648 (1990).
  11. "Steady-state Mobility-lifetimes and Photoconductivity in a-SiGe:H Thin Films," S.S. Hegedus and J.M. Cebulka, J. Appl. Phys. 67(8), 3885 (1990).
  12.  "Prospects of a-SiGe:H Alloys for Solar Cell Application," C.M. Fortmann,  Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 192, 27(1990).

    13. 1991

  13. "Analysis of Post Deposition Processing for CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Solar Cells 31, 527 (1991).
  14. "CuInSe2 for Photovoltaic Applications," A. Rockett and R.W. Birkmire, J. Appl. Phys. 70(7), 81 (1991).
  15. "Advances in CuInSe2 and CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, D.A. Fardig, B.E. McCandless, A. Mondal, J.E. Phillips, and R.D. Varrin, Jr., Solar Cells 30, 61 (1991).
  16. "Energy and Environmental Concerns," T.W.F. Russell, Advances in Chemical Engineering 16, 293 (1991).
  17. "Critical Process Issues in Selenization," S. Verma, R.D. Varrin, Jr., R.W. Birkmire, and T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 914 (1991).
  18. *"Charge-Defect Equilibrium Description of the Staebler-Wronski Defect Concentration and Formation Energy," C.M. Fortmann, R.M. Dawson and C.R. Wronski,  Symp. Proc. 219, 63 (1991). 
  19. "Analytical Modeling of Thin Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Solar Cells", C.M. Fortmann, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 1265 (1991).
  20. "Charge-Defect Equilibrium Description of Metastable Defect Concentrations," C.M. Fortmann, R.M. Dawson, C.R. Wronski, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 137& 138, 207 (1991).
  21. "Influence of CdS Window Layers on Thin Film CdS/CdTe Solar Cell Performance," B.E. McCandless and S.S. Hegedus, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 967 (1991).
  22. "A New Method for Forming ZnTe Contacts for CdTe Cells," Anup Mondal, Robert W. Birkmire, and Brian E. McCandless, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 1126 (1991).
  23. "Diode Analysis of CuInSe2 Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman and J.E. Phillips, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 934 (1991).
  24. "Characterization of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," D.A. Fardig and J.E. Phillips, Proc. 22nd IEEE PVSC, 1146 (1991).
  25. "Hydrogen Content and the Goal of Stable Efficient Amorphous-silicon-based Solar Cells," C.M. Fortmann, S.S. Hegedus, T.X. Zhou and B.N. Baron, Solar Cells 30, 255 (1991).

    26. 1992

  26. "Electrochemical Deposition of Thin ZnTe Films As a Contact for CdTe Solar Cells," Anup Mondal, Brian E. McCandless, and Robert W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 26(3), 181 (1992).
  27. "Fabrication of CuInSe2 Solar Cells in a Superstrate Configuration," Takashi Yoshida and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 11th Euro. Communities PV Solar Energy Conf., 811 (1992).
  28. "Reaction Pathways to CuInSe2 Formation by Selenization," S. Verma, S. Yamanaka, R.W. Birkmire, B.E. McCandless, and T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 11th Euro. Communities PV Solar Energy Conf., 807 (1992).
  29. "Study of the Process Treatments Used for High-Efficiency Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells," H.R. Moutinho, R. Ahmed-Bitar, F.S. Hasoon, R.K. Ahrenkiel, D.I. Dunlavy, B.M. Keyes, A.R. Mason, F.A. Abou-Elfotouh, R.W. Birkmire, and L.L. Kazmerski, Proc. 11th Euro. Communities PV Solar Energy Conf., 991 (1992).
  30. "Polycrystalline Heterojunction Solar Cells:  Device Perspective," J.E. Phillips, W.N. Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, S.S. Hegedus, and B.E. McCandless, AIP Conf.  Proc. 268, 206 (1992).
  31. "Polycrystalline Heterojunction Solar Cells:  Processing Perspective," R.W. Birkmire, S.S. Hegedus, B.E. McCandless, J.E. Phillips, TWF Russell, W.N. Shafarman, S.Verma, and S. Yamanaka, AIP Conf.  Proc. 268, 212 (1992).
  32. "Effects of Processing on CdTe/CdS Materials and Devices," R. W. Birkmire, B.E. McCandless, and S.S. Hegedus, Int’l J. Solar Energy 12, 145 (1992).
  33. "Midgap States in a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H p-i-n Solar Cells and Schottky Junctions by Capacitance Techniques," Steven S. Hegedus and E. A. Fagen, J. Appl. Phys. 71(12), 5941 (1992).
  34. "Characterization of a-Si:H and a-SiGe:H p-i-n and Schottky Junctions by Admittance Circuit Modeling," Steven S. Hegedus and Edward A. Fagen, IEEE Trans. on Elect. Dev. 39(10), 2368 (1992).

    35. 1993

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  35. "Current-Voltage Characterization of CuInSe2/CdS Solar Cells Deposited by Different Methods," William N. Shafarman and James E. Phillips, Proc. 23rd IEEE PVSC, 453 (1993).
  36. "Reaction Chemistry of CuInSe2 Formation by Selenization Using Elemental Se," Satoshi Yamanaka, Brian E. McCandless, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 23rd IEEE PVSC, 607 (1993).
  37. "The Effect of O2 on H2Se Selenization in a Continuous Flow Reactor," S. Verma, TWF Russell, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 23rd IEEE PVSC, 431 (1993).
  38. "Understanding Graded a-SiGe Solar Cells Using Bifacial Photocurrent Collection," Steven Hegedus and Wayne Buchanan, Proc. 23rd IEEE PVSC, 991 (1993).
  39. "Process and Device Analysis of CuInSe2 Solar Cells," Robert W. Birkmire, Technical Digest 7th Sunshine Workshop, 101 (1993).
  40. "High Efficiency CuInSe2 Solar Cells Using the Selenization Process," Robert W. Birkmire, Technical Digest PVSEC-7, 527 (1993).
  41. "The Relationship Between Hydrogen Content, Weak Bond Density and SW Defects in a‑Si," C.M. Fortmann, T.X. Zhou, and W.A. Buchanan, Proc. 13th Int'l Conf. on Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors, 31 (1993).
  42. "Study of Phases Formed During Production of Copper Indium Diselenide by Reacting Copper, Indium and Selenium Layers," Vikas Sachan, John D. Meakin, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 30, 147 (1993).

    43. 1994

  43. "Recent Progress in Amorphous Silicon PV Technology," W. Luft, H.M. Branz, V.L. Dalal, S.S. Hegedus, and E.A. Schiff, AIP Conf.  Proc. 306, 31 (1994).
  44. "Chemical Process and Device Analysis of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cell Materials," TW Fraser Russell, Robert W. Birkmire, James E. Phillips, Sandeep Verma, and William N. Shafarman, AIP Conf. Proc. 306, 390 (1994).
  45. "Electronic Mobility Gap Structure and Deep Defects in Amorphous Silicon-germanium Alloys," Thomas Unold, J. David Cohen and Charles M. Fortmann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64(13), 1714 (1994).
  46. "Chemical Kinetic Studies of Copper Indium Selenization," TW Fraser Russell, Sandeep Verma, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 12th Euro. Communities PV Conf. 1, 633 (1994).
  47. "Lessons Learned from a Hydrogen Explosion at a Photovoltaic Research Facility," Paul D. Moskowitz, Wayne Buchanan,  and William  Shafarman, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 504 (1994).
  48. "A Treatment to Allow Contacting CdTe with Different Conductors," B.E. McCandless, Y. Qu, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 107 (1994).
  49. "Characterization of Cu-In-Ga Precursors Used to Form Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Films," M. Marudachalam, R.W. Birkmire, J. M. Schultz, and T. Yokimcus, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 234 (1994).
  50. "Processing Issues for Thin-Film CdTe Cells and Modules," Robert W. Birkmire and Peter V. Meyers, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 76 (1994).
  51. "A Chemical Kinetic Analysis of the Formation of CuInSe2 at Different Temperatures," TW Fraser Russell, Nese Orbey, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 238 (1994).
  52. "Polycrystalline CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Film PV Solar Cells Prepared by Two-Stage Selenization Process Using Se Vapor," Neelkanth G. Dhere, Shaker Kuttath, Kevin W. Lynn, Robert W. Birkmire, and William N. Shafarman, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC). 190 (1994).
  53. "Micro Through Nanostructure Investigations of Polycrystalline CdTe:  Correlations with Processing and Electronic Structures," D.H. Levi, H.R. Moutinho, F.A. Hasoon, B.M. Keyes, R.K. Ahrenkiel, M. Al-Jassim, L.L. Kazmerski, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 127 (1994).
  54. "Parametric Analysis of a-Si Solar Cells from Current Voltage Measurements," Steven S. Hegedus and James E. Phillips, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 654 (1994).
  55. "Evidence for Amorphous Like Behavior in Small Grain Thin Film Polycrystalline Solar Cells," J.E. Phillips, W.N. Shafarman, and Enze Shan, Proc. IEEE First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 303 (1994).
  56. "Identifying the Recombination Losses that Limit Voc in Thin Silicon Solar Cells by Bifacial Spectral Response Measurements," Y.B.  Bai, J.E. Phillips and A.M. Barnett, Proc. IEEE  First WCPEC (24th IEEE PVSC), 1429 (1994).
  57. "Structure and Chemistry of CuInSe2 for Solar Cell Technology:  Current Understanding and Recommendations," A. Rockett, F. Abou-Elfotouh, D. Albin, M. Bode, J. Ermer, R. Klenk, T. Lommasson, T.W.F. Russell, R.D. Tomlinson, J. Tuttle, L. Stolt, T. Walter and T.M. Peterson, Thin Solid Films 237, 1 (1994).
  58. * "Built-in Potentials via Electroabsorption Measurements in a-Si:H p-i-n Solar Cells:  A Critical Assessment," Q. Wang, E.A. Schiff, and S.S. Hegedus, Mater. Res. Society Symp. Proc. 336, 365 (1994).
  59. "Photovoltaics as a Demand-side Management Technology:  an Analysis of Peak-shaving and Direct Load Control Options," John Byrne, Steven Hegedus, and Young-Doo Wang, Prog. in Photovoltaics 2, 235 (1994).

    60. 1995

  60. "Characterization and Modeling of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2-based Photovoltaic Devices:  A Laboratory and Industrial Perspective," J.R. Tuttle, J.R. Sites, A. Delahoy, W. Shafarman, B. Basol, S. Fonash, J. Gray, R. Menner, J. Phillips, A. Rockett, J. Scofield, F.R. Shapiro, P. Singh, V. Suntharalingam, D. Tarrant, T. Walter, S. Wiedeman, and T.M. Peterson, Progress in Photovoltaics:  Research and Applications 3, 89 (1995).
  61. "Current Transport in Amorphous Silicon n/p Junctions and their Application as "Tunnel" Junctions in Tandem Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus, Frank Kampas, and Jianping Xi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(6), 813 (1995).
  62. "Galvanic Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films," B.E. McCandless, A. Mondal, and R.W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 36(4), 369 (1995).
  63. "The Growth by the Hybrid Sputtering and Evaporation Method and Microstructural Studies of CuInSe2 Films," L.-Chung Yang, H.Z. Xiao, A. Rockett, W.N. Shafarman, and R.W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 36(4), 445 (1995).
  64. "The Future of CdTe Photovoltaics," Peter V. Meyers and Robert W. Birkmire, Progress in Photovoltaics3, 393 (1995).
  65. "Preparation of Homogeneous Cu(InGa)Se2 Films by Selenization of Metal Precursors in H2Se Atmosphere," M. Marudachalam, H. Hichri, R. Klenk, R.W. Birkmire, W.N. Shafarman, and J.M. Schultz, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67(26), 3978 (1995).

    66. 1996

  66. "Progress in Amorphous Silicon PV Technology: An Update," W. Luft, H.M. Branz, V.L. Dalal, S.S. Hegedus, and E.A. Schiff, AIP Conf. Proc. 353, 81 (1996).
  67. "Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO's) for n-i-p and p-i-n Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus, Wayne A. Buchanan, Erten Eser, James E. Phillips, and William N. Shafarman,  AIP Conf. Proc. 353, 465 (1996). 
  68. "Micro through Nanostructure Investigations of Polycrystalline CdTe: Correlations with Processing and Electronic Structures," D.H. Levi, H.R. Moutinho, F.S. Hasoon, B.M. Keyes, R.K. Ahrenkiel, M. Al-Jassim, L.L. Kazmerski, R.W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat and Solar Cells 41/42, 381 (1996).
  69. "Chemical Reaction Analysis of Copper Indium Selenization," Sandeep Verma, Nese Orbey, Robert W. Birkmire, and T. W. Fraser Russell, Progress in Photovoltaics 4, 341 (1996).
  70. "Polycrystalline Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Device Perspective," J.E. Phillips, R.W. Birkmire, B.E. McCandless, P.V. Meyers, and W.N. Shafarman, phys. stat. sol. (b) 194, 31 (1996).
  71. "Thin Film Cadmium Sulfide/Cadmium Telluride Alloys," D.G. Jensen, B.E. McCandless, and R.W. Birkmire, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 426, 326 (1996).
  72.  "A Search for Degradation Mechanisms of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," P.V. Meyers, M.M. Al-Jassim, and S Asher,  Mater. Res. Society Symp. Proc. 426, 317 (1996).
  73. "Experimental Investigation of a Field Effect Back Surface Passivation of Silicon Solar Cells," Yibin Bai, James E. Phillips, Allen M. Barnett, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 425 (1996). 
  74. "Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells with High Ga Content," W.N. Shafarman, R. Klenk, and B.E. McCandless, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 763 (1996).
  75. "Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Cadmium Sulfide Alloys and Devices, " D.G. Jensen, B.E. McCandless, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 25th IEEE  PVSC, 773 (1996).
  76. "Vapor Phase Treatment of CdTe/CdS Thin Films with CdCl2:O2," B.E. McCandless, H. Hichri, G. Hanket, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 781 (1996).
  77. "Stress Testing of CdTe Solar Cells," P.V. Meyers and J.E. Phillips, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 789 (1996).
  78. "Diffusion of In and Ga in Selenized Cu-In and Cu-Ga Precursors," M. Marudachalam, H. Hichri, R.W. Birkmire, J.M. Schultz, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 805 (1996).
  79. "Direct Current-Voltage Measurements of the Mo/CuInSe2 Contact on Operating Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman and J.E. Phillips, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC,  917 (1996).
  80. "Reaction Analysis of the Formation of CIS at Temperatures from 250˚C to 400˚C," N. Orbey, H. Hichri, R.W. Birkmire, and T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 981 (1996).
  81. "HCl Vapor Post-deposition Heat Treatment of CdTe/CdS Films," Y. Qu, P.V. Meyers, B.E. McCandless, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 1013 (1996).
  82. "Analysis of Optical Enhancement in a-Si n-i-p Solar Cells Using a Detachable Back Reflector," Steven S. Hegedus & Xunming Deng, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 1061 (1996).
  83. "Effect of Textured Tin Oxide and Zinc Oxide Substrates on the Current Generation in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells," S. Hegedus, W. Buchanan, X. Liu, & R. Gordon, Proc. 25th IEEE PVSC, 1129 (1996).
  84. "Device and Material Characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells with Increasing Band Gap," William N. Shafarman, Reiner Klenk, and Brian E. McCandless, J. Appl. Phys. 79(9), 7324 (1996).
  85. "Processing and Analysis of Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells Made from Uniform Single Phase Materials," R. W. Birkmire, H. Hichri, R. Klenk, M. Marudachalam, B. E. McCandless, J. E. Phillips, J. M. Schultz, W. N. Shafarman, Proc. 13th NREL Program Review, AIP Conf. Proc. 353, 420 (1996).
  86. "Processing Issues for Thin Film CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," B.E. McCandless, R.W. Birkmire, D.G. Jensen, J.E. Phillips, & I. Youm, AIP Conf. Proc. 394, 647 (1996).
  87.  "Progress Report on the Amorphous Silicon Teaming Activities," B. von Roedern, K. Zweibel, E. Schiff, J.D. Cohen, S. Wagner, S.S. Hegedus and T. Peterson, Proc. 14th NREL/SNL PV Program Review Meeting, AIP Conf. Proc., (1996).

    88. 1997

  88. "Fabrication and Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells with Absorber Bandgap from 1.0 to 1.5 eV," W.N. Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, M. Marudachalam, B.E. McCandless, and J.M. Schultz, AIP Conf.  Proc. 394, 123 (1997).
  89.  "Recrystallization and Sulfur Diffusion in CdCl2-Treated CdTe/CdS Thin Films," B.E. McCandless, L.V. Moulton, and R.B. Birkmire, Prog. in Photovolt:Res. Appl. 5, 249 (1997).
  90. "Technology Development Versus New Ideas Development by Universities," T.W.F. Russell,  First Generation Photovoltaic Technologies:  First NREL Conference, AIP Conf. Proc., 93 (1997).
  91. "A TPV System Using a Gold Filter with CuInSe2 Solar Cells," W.J. Biter, K.A. Georg, and J.E. Phillips, 3rd NREL Thermal Photovoltaic Conference, 443 (1997).
  92. "Effect of Temperature on Copper Indium Selenization," N. Orbey, H. Hichri, R.W. Birkmire, and T.W.F. Russell, Prog. in Photovolt. 5(4), 237 (1997).
  93.  "Effect of Reduced Deposition Temperature, Time and Thickness on Cu(InGa)Se2 Films and Devices", W.N. Shafarman, R.W. Birkmire, S. Marsillac, M. Marudachalam, N. Orbey, and T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC, 331 (1997).
  94. "Recent Progress and Critical Issues in Thin Film Polycrystalline Solar Cells and Modules," Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC, 295 (1997).
  95. "Analysis and Optimization of High Efficiency Multijunction a-Si:H Solar Cells," Richard E. Rocheleau, Moe Tun, and Steven S. Hegedus, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC,  703 (1997).
  96. "Improving Performance of Superstrate p-i-n a-Si Solar Cells by Optimization of n/TCO/Metal Back Contacts," Steven S. Hegedus, Wayne A. Buchanan, and Erten Eser, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC, 603 (1997).
  97. "Determining the Voltage Dependence of the Light Generated Current in CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells Using I-V Measurements Made at Different Light Intensities," J.E. Phillips, J. Titus and D. Hofmann, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC, 463 (1997).
  98. "CdTe1-xSs Absorber Layers for Thin-Film CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC, 307 (1997).
  99. "High Efficiency CIGS and CIS Cells with CVD ZnO Buffer Layers," Larry C. Olsen, Wenhua Lei, F. William Addis, William N. Shafarman, Miguel A. Contreras, and Kannan Ramanathan, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC,  363 (1997).
  100. "Electrodeposited CdS Thin Films and Their Application in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells," Figen Kadirgan, D. Mao, A.  Balcioglu, B.E. McCandless, W. Song, T.R. Ohno, and J.U. Trefney, Proc. 26th IEEE PVSC,  443 (1997).
  101. "Introduction to the Thin Film Photovoltaic Symposium Commemorating the 25th Anniversary of the Institute of Energy Conversion at the University of Delaware, USA," Robert W. Birkmire and Steven S. Hegedus, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 305 (1997).
  102. "Summary of 4 1/2 Years of Research Experience of the US Amorphous Silicon Research Teams," B. von Roedern, E. Schiff, J.D. Cohen, S. Wagner and Steven S. Hegedus, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 345 (1997).
  103. "Substrates, Contacts and Monolithic Integration," Steven S. Hegedus, Scot Albright, Frank Jeffrey, T.J. McMahon and S. Wiedeman, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 365 (1997).
  104. "Device and Materials Characterization in Manufacturing," J. Sites, J. Rand, L.L. Kazmerski and J.E. Phillips, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 371 (1997).
  105. "Design of Critical Experiments for Scale-up," T.W.F. Russell, V. Dalal, R. Gay and S. Guha, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 353 (1997).
  106. "Semiconductor Processing and Manufacturing," William N. Shafarman, Bulent M. Basol, Jeff S. Britt, Robert B. Hall and Richard E. Rocheleau, Prog. In Photovolt: Res. Appl. 5(5), 359 (1997).
  107. "Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells:  Present Status and Future Potential," Robert W. Birkmire and Erten Eser,  Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci,, 27(6), 625 (1997) .
  108. "Phases, Morphology and Diffusion in CuInxGa1-xSe2 Thin Films," M. Marudachalam, R. W. Birkmire, H. Hichri, J. M. Schultz, A. Swartzlander, and M. M. Al-Jassim, J. Appl. Phys. 82(6), 2896 (1997).
  109. "Next Generation CIGS for Solar Cells," A. Rockett, R. W. Birkmire, D. Morel, S. Fonash, J.-Y. Hou, M. Marudachalam, J. D'Amico, P. Panse, S. Zafar, and D. J. Schroeder, AIP Conf. Proc. 404, 403 (1997).
  110. "Optical Losses in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Due to Back Reflectors," B. L. Sopori, J. Madjdpour, B. V. Roedern, W. Chen, and S. S. Hegedus, Proc. Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology (1997).
  111. "Current-Voltage Analysis of a-Si and a-SiGe Solar Cells Including Voltage-dependent Photocurrent Collection,"  Steven S. Hegedus, Prog. in Photovolt:Res Appl. 5(3), 151 (1997).

    112. 1998

  112. "Reaction Analysis of the Formation of CuInSe2 Films in a Physical Vapor Deposition Reactor," N. Orbey, G. Norsworthy, R.W. Birkmire and T.W.F. Russell, Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 6, 76 (1998).
  113. "Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium Analysis of I-III-VI Films," Robert Birkmire and Michael Engelmann, AIP Conf. Proc. 462, 23 (1998).
  114. "Temperature dependence of the magnetic and transport properties of CO15CU85 magnetic granular alloys," R. H. Yu, J. Zhu, X. X. Zhang and J. Tajada, J. Appl. Phys. 83(6), 3134 (1998).
  115. "Preparation and Characterization of Micro-Crystalline Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide p-Layers," Erten Eser, Steven S. Hegedus, and Wayne A. Buchanan, AIP Conf. Proc. 462, 254 (1998).
  116. "Characterizing Contacts to p-type CdTe in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells," B. E. McCandless, J. E. Phillips, and J. Titus, Proc. 2nd World Conference on PV Solar Energy, 448 (1998).
  117. "Monolithically Integrated X-ray Detector Arrays for Computed Tomography," R. Sudharsanan, M. Yoganathan, G. Vakerlis, C. S. Ferekides, B. McCandless, R. Birkmire, R. Deych, and R. Luhta,  Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 428, 573 (1998).

    118. 1999

  118. "Influence of Processing Conditions on Performance and Stability in Polycrystalline Thin-Film CdTe-Based Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, AIP Conf. Proc. 462, 182 (1999).
  119. "Analysis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells:  Why Performance Decreases with Increasing Ga Content," J. E. Phillips and W. N. Shafarman, AIP Conf. Proc. 462, 120 (1999).
  120.  "A Non-Vacuum Process for Forming CuInSe2," C. Fredric, C. Eberspacher, K. Pauls, J. Serra, and J. Zhu, Proc. 15th NREL/SNL PV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 138 (1999).
  121. "Harnessing the Sun with Thin Film Photovoltaics,"  Robert W. Birkmire, Lawrence L. Kazmerski, Proc. 195th Meeting Electrochemical Society 99-11, 24 (1999).
  122. "Critical Issues and Research Needs for CdTe-Based Solar Cells," A.D. Compaan, J.R. Sites, R.W. Birkmire, C.S. Ferekides and A.L. Fahrenbruch, Proc. 195th Meeting  Electrochemical Society, 99-11, 241 (1999).
  123. "Optimization of Vapor Post-deposition Processing for Evaporated CdS/CdTe Solar Cells," B. E. McCandless, I. Youm, and R. W. Birkmire, Prog.  Photovolt: Res. Appl. 7(1), 21 (1999).
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