Institute of Energy Conversion

 

 

IEC Publications 2000 - 2010

    2000

  1. "Physical Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 by Co-Evaporation: Modeling for Process Control," Sven Tobias Junker, Frank J. Doyle III and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. AIChE Annual Meeting, Paper No. 260C, (2000).
  2.  "Copper-Indium Alloy Transformations," Nese Orbey, Glover A. Jones, Robert W. Birkmire, and T.W. Fraser Russell, Journal of Phase Equilibria 21(6), 509 (2000).
  3. "Thin Polycrystalline Silicon Films by HWCVD," R. Aparicio, R. Birkmire, A. Pant, M. Huff and M. Mauk, Proc.  NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg.,  219 (2000).
  4. "Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 by Inline Evaporation," G.M. Hanket, P.D. Paulson, W.N. Shafarman, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 241 (2000).  
  5. "Diffusion in CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Couples," Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 16th Euro. PV Solar Energy Conf., 349 (2000). 
  6. "Process Analysis and Modeling of Thin Silicon Film Deposition by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition," R. Aparicio, R. Birkmire, A. Pant, M. Huff, T.W.F. Russell and M. Mauk, Proc. 16th Euro. PV Solar Energy Conf. 2001-13, 621 (2000).
  7. "Cu(InAl)Se2 Thin Films and Devices Deposited by Multisource Evaporation," M.W. Haimbodi, E. Gourmelon, P.D. Paulson, R.W. Birkmire and W.N. Shafarman, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 454 (2000).
  8. "CIGSS Solar Cells Based on CVD ZnO Buffer Layers," Larry C. Olsen, F.W. Addis, Liang Huang, William N. Shafarman, Peter Eschbach and G.J. Exarhos, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 458 (2000).
  9. "Influence of Window and Absorber Layer Processing on Device Operation in Superstrate Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 491 (2000).
  10. "Fabrication of Graded Cu(InGa)Se2 Films by Inline Evaporation," G.M. Hanket, P.D. Paulson, U. Singh, S.T. Junker, R.W. Birkmire, F.J. Doyle III, E. Eser and W.N. Shafarman, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 499 (2000).
  11. "Analysis of Stress-Induced Degradation in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus, Brian E. McCandless, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 535 (2000) and NCPV  Prog. Rev. Mtg. (2000).
  12. "Interfacial Optical Spectra in Amorphous Silicon Based pin Solar Cells," Kai Zhu, J.H. Lyou, E.A. Schiff, R.S. Crandall, G. Ganguly and S.S. Hegedus, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 725 (2000).
  13. "Characterization of the SnO2/p and ZnO/p Contact Resistance and Junction Properties in a-Si p-i-n Solar Cells and Modules," Steven S. Hegedus, Ruhi Kaplan, Gautam Ganguly and George S. Wood, Proc. 28th IEEE PVSC, 728 (2000).
  14. "Reaction Temperature Dependence on CuInSe2 Based Solar Cells Performance Using CuIn Precursors Selenized Using H2Se Gas," J.M. Mwabora, W.N. Shafarman and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 5th Kenya Physical Society (KPS) Regional Workshop, 27 (2000).
  15. "Absorber Thickness Dependence on CuInSe2 Based Solar Cells Performance Using CuIn Precursors Selenized Using H2Se Gas," J.M. Mwabora, W.N. Shafarman and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. WREC, 2049 (2000).
  16. "Effect of Substrate Temperature and Deposition Profile on Evaporated Cu(InGa)Se2 films and devices," William N. Shafarman and Jie Zhu, Thin Solid Films 361-362, 473 (2000).
  17. "Properties of Electrodeposited CdS Films for Photovoltaic Devices with Comparison to CdS Films Prepared by Other Methods," F. Kadirgan, D. Mao, W. Song, T. Ohno, B. McCandless, Turkish Journal of Chemistry 24(1), 21 (2000).

    18. 2001

  18. "Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon from Silane: Effect of Process Conditions," Atul Pant, T.W.F. Russell, Marylin C. Huff, Roger Aparicio and Robert W. Birkmire, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 49(5), 1377 (2001).
  19. "Reactor and Reaction Model for the Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon from Silane," Atul Pant, Marylin C Huff, and T.W.F. Russell,  Ind. Energy Chem. Res. 40(5), 1386 (2001).
  20. "Interdiffusion of CdS/CdTe Thin Films: Modeling X-ray Diffraction Line Profiles," Brian E. McCandless, Michael G. Engelmann and Robert W. Birkmire, J. Appl. Phys. 89(2), 988 (2001).
  21. "Initial and Stressed Performance of CdTe Solar Cells: Effect of Contact Processing," S. S. Hegedus, B. E. McCandless and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 119 (2001).
  22. "Thin Si p-layers Containing Boron Doped Micro-crystalline Si and a-SiOx Phases," E. Eser, W. Buchanan and S. Hegedus, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 183 (2001). 
  23. "Wide Band Gap CuInSe2 and CdTe-based Thin Films for Tandem Solar Cells," W. Shafarman, M. Gossla, B. McCandless, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 229 (2001).
  24. "Optical, Structural and Transport Properties of Reactively Sputtered ZnTe:N, J. Drayton, C. Taylor, A. Gupta, R.G. Bohn, A.D. Compaan, B.E. McCandless and D. Rose, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg, 243 (2001).
  25. "Post-Deposition Sulfur Incorporation into CuInSe2 Thin Films," Jochen Titus, Hans-Werner Schock, Robert W. Birkmire, William N. Shafarman and Udai P. Singh, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp.Proc. 668, H1.5.1 (2001).
  26. "Thermochemical and Kinetic Aspects of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell Processing," Brian E. McCandless, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 668, H1.6.1 (2001). 
  27. "Effect of Grain Size, Morphology and Deposition Temperature on Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells," William N. Shafarman and Jie Zhu, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 668,  H.2.3.1 (2001).
  28. "Optically Assisted Metal-Induced Crystallization of Thin Si Films for Low-Cost Solar Cells," Wei Chen, Bhushan Sopori, Kim Jones, Robert Reedy, N.M. Ravindra, Roger Aparicio, Robert Birkmire, Scott Morrison, Ken Coats and Arun Madan. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 685,  D32.1 (2001). 
  29. "Process Analysis and Modeling of Thin Silicon Film Deposition by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition," R. Aparicio, R. Birkmire, A. Pant, M. Huff, T.W.F. Russell, Proc. 199th Electrochemical Soc. Mtg. 2001-13, 260 (2001).
  30. "Characterization of Deep Defects in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) Working Photovoltaic Devices," J.T. Heath, J.D. Cohen, W.N. Shafarman and D.C. Johnson, Proc. 199th Electrochemical Soc. Mtg. 2001-10, 324 (2001).
  31. "Compound Polycrystalline Solar Cells: Recent Progress and Y2K Perspective," Robert W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 65, 17 (2001).
  32. "Study of Cd-free Buffer Layers Using Inx(OH,S)y on CIGS Solar Cells," C.H. Huang, Sheng S. Li, W.N. Shafarman, C.-H. Chang, E.S. Lambers, L. Rieth, J.W. Johnson, S. Kim, B.J. Stanbery, T.J. Anderson and P.H. Holloway, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 69, 131 (2001).
  33. "Formation and Analysis of Graded CuIn (Se1-ySy)2 Films," M. Engelmann, B.E. McCandless and R.W. Birkmire, Thin Solid Films 387, 14 (2001).
  34. "Chalcogenide Solar Cells Grown by Physical Vapor Deposition Technique," N. Barreau, S. Marsillac, J.D. Bernede and W.N. Shafarman, Proc. 17th Euro. PVSEC and Exhibition, 215 (2001).

    35. 2002

  35. "Cu(In1-xAlx)Se2 Thin Films and Solar Cells," P.D. Paulson, M.W. Haimbodi, S. Marsillac, R.W. Birkmire and W.N. Shafarman, J. Appl. Phys. 91(12), 10153 (2002).
  36. "Effect of Plasma and Thermal Annealing on Optical and Electronic Properties of SnO2 Substrates Used for a-Si Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus, J. Appl. Phys. 92(1), 620 (2002).
    37. >
  37. "Phase Behavior in the CdTe-CdS Pseudobinary System," Brian E. McCandless, Gregory M. Hanket, D. Garth Jensen, and Robert W. Birkmire, J. Vac. Soc. Technol. A. 20(4), 1462 (2002).
  38. "High Efficiency Solar Cells Based on Cu(InAl)Se2 Thin Films," S. Marsillac, P.D. Paulson, M.W. Haimbodi, R.W. Birkmire and W.N. Shafarman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(7), 1350 (2002).
  39. "Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films for Wide Band Gap Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 488 (2002).
  40. "Material and Device Characterization of Thin Film Cu(InAl)Se2 Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman, S. Marsillac, P.D. Paulson, M.W. Haimbodi, T. Minemoto, and R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 519 (2002).
  41. "Properties of Reactively Sputtered ZnTe:N and Its Use in Recombination Junctions," J. Drayton, C. Taylor, A. Gupta, R.G. Bohn, G. Rich, A.D. Compaan, B.E. McCandless, and D. Rose, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC,  539 (2002).
  42. "Vapor Transport Deposition of Cadmium Telluride Films," Brian E. McCandless, Robert W. Birkmire, Wayne A. Buchanan, Shannon Fields, Gregory M. Hanket, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 547 (2002).
  43.  "Pilot-scale Manufacture of Cu(InGa)Se2  Films on a Flexible Polymer Substrate," Gregory M. Hanket, Udai P. Singh, Erten Eser, William N. Shafarman, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 567 (2002).
  44. "Correlation Between Deep Defect States and Device Parameters in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Photovoltaic Devices," Jennifer T. Heath, J. David Cohen, William N. Shafarman, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 596 (2002).
  45. "Study of a New Indium Sulphide Derivative for Buffer Layer Application," N. Barreau, S. Marsillac, J.C. Bernede, C. Deudon, L. Brohan, W.N. Shafarman, A. Barreau, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 628 (2002).
  46. "Investigation of Chemical-Bath-Deposited ZnS Buffer Layers for Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells," Baosheng Sang, William N. Shafarman, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 632 (2002).
  47.  "Substrate and Back Contact Effects in CIGS Devices on Steel Foil," W.K. Batchelor, M.E. Beck, R. Huntington, I.L. Repins, A. Rockett, W.N. Shafarman, F.S. Hasson, J.S. Britt, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 716 (2002).
  48.  "Optical Design and Analysis of Textured a-Si Solar Cells," Steven Hegedus, Bhushan Sopori, P.D. Paulson, Proc. 29th IEEE PVSC, 1122 (2002).
  49.  "Ionizing Radiation Effects in Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Thin-film Solar Cells," J. Tringe, J. Nocerino, R. Tallon, W. Kemp, W. Shafarman, D. Marvin, J. Appl. Phys. 91(1), 516 (2002).
  50. "Effect of Ga Content on Defect States in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Photovoltaic Devices," J. T. Heath, J.D. Cohen, W.N. Shafarman, D.X. Liao and A.A. Rockett, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80(24), 4540 (2002).
  51. "Analysis of Quantum Efficiency and Optical Enhancement in Amorphous Si p-i-n Solar Cells," Steven S. Hegedus and Ruhi Kaplan, Prog. Photovolt:Res. Appl. 10, 257 (2002).

    52. 2003

  52. "Deposition and Structural Characterization of Poly-Si Thin Films on Al-coated Glass Substrates Using Hot-wire Chemical Vapor Deposition," Ozgenc Ebil, Roger Aparicio, Sutki Hazra, Robert W. Birkmire, Eli Sutter, Thin Solid Films 430, 120 (2003).
  53. "Correlation of Surface Phases with Electrical Behavior in Thin-film CdTe Devices," B.E. McCandless, S.S. Hegedus, R.W. Birkmire, D. Cunningham, Thin Solid Films 431, 249 (2003).
  54. "Near-Surface Defect Distributions in Cu(In,Ga)Se2," A. Rockett, D. Liao, J.T. Heath, J.D. Cohen, Y.M. Strzhemechnym L.J. Brillson, K. Ramanathan, W.N. Shafarman, Thin Solid Films 431, 301 (2003).
  55. "New Cd-free Buffer Layer Deposited by PVD:In2S3 Containing Na Compounds." N. Barreau, J.C. Bernede, S. Marsillac, C. Amory, W.N. Shafarman, Thin Solid Films 431, 326 (2003).
  56. "Distinguishing Metastable Changes in Bulk CIGS Defect Densities From Interface Effects," J.T. Heath, J.D. Cohen, W.N. Shafarman, Thin Solid Films 431, 426 (2003).
  57.  "Optical Characterization of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Alloy Thin Films by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry," P.D. Paulson, R.W. Birkmire, W.N. Shafarman, J. Appl. Phys. 94(2), 879 (2003).
  58. "Critical Issues for Cu(InAl)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman, S. Marsillac, T. Minemoto, P.D. Paulson, R.W. Birkmire, Proc. WCPEC-3, 2869 (2003).
  59. "CuxS Back Contact for CdTe Solar Cells," Donghwan Kim, Brian E. McCandless, Steven S. Hegedus, and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. WCPEC-3, (2003).
  60. "Role of Process Chemistry and Stability on CdTe-based Solar Cell Performance," B. McCandless, K. Dobson, S. Hegedus, and P. Paulson, Proc. NCPV Rev. Mtg., 401 (2003).
  61. "Advances in CuInSe2-based Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Processing," W. Shafarman, J. Titus, M. Haimbodi, M. Gossla, G. Hanket, S. Marsillac, T. Minemoto, P. Paulson, B. Sang, U. Singh, E. Eser, R. Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Prog. Rev. Mtg., 525 (2003).
  62. "Growth and Characterization of HWCVD Si Films on Al Coated Glass," by O. Ebil, R. Aparicio, S. Hegedus and R.  Birkmire, Proc. NCPV Rev. Mtg., 813 (2003).
  63. "The Dynamics of Cadmium Telluride Etching," K.D. Dobson, P.D. Paulson, B.E. McCandless, R.W. Birkmire, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 763, 107 (2003).
  64. "Sputtered ZnTe:N and ZnO:Al for Solar Cell Electrodes and Recombination Junctions,"  Jennifer Drayton, V. Parikh, G. Rich, A. Gupta, T. Osborn, R.G. Bohn, A.D. Compaan, B.E. McCandless, P.D. Paulson, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 763, 353 (2003).
  65. "New Junction Capacitance Methods for the Study of Defect Distributions and Carrier Properties in the Copper Indium Diselenide Alloys," J. David Cohen, Jennifer T. Heath, and William N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 763, 429 (2003).
  66. "Photoconductive CdS: How Does It Affect CdTe/CdS Solar Cell Performance?" S. Hegedus, D. Ryan, K. Dobson, B. McCandless, D. Desai, Mater. Rec. Soc. Symp. Proc. 763, 447 (2003).
  67.  "Defects in Copper Indium Aluminum Diselenide Films and their Impact on Photovoltaic Device Performance," Jennifer T. Heath, J. David  Cohen, William N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 763, B.9.2.1 (2003).
  68. "Chemical Surface Deposition of Ultra-Thin Cadmium Sulfide Films for High Performance and High Cadmium Utilization," Brian E. McCandless, William N. Shafarman, Proc. PVSEC-3,  562 (2003).
  69.  "Status, Trends, Challenges, and the Bright Future of Solar Electricity from Photovoltaics," S. Hegedus, A. Luque,  Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Chapter 1 (A. Luque and S.S. Hegedus, eds.), Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1 (2003).
  70. "Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman, L. Stolt, Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Chapter 13" (A.. Luque and S.S. Hegedus, eds.), Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 567 (2003).
  71. "Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells," B.E. McCandless, J. Sites, Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Chapter 14" (A. Luque and S.S. Hegedus, eds.), Wiley and Sons, Chichester UK, 617 (2003).
  72. "Determination of Activation Barriers for the Diffusion of Sodium Through CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells," M.B. Zellner, R.W. Birkmire, E. Eser, W.N. Shafarman and J.G. Chen, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 11(8), 543 (2003).
  73. "Correlation of Surface Phases with Electrical Behavior in Thin-Film CdTe Devices," B.E. McCandless, S.S. Hegedus, R.W. Birkmire and D. Cunningham, Thin Solid Films 431-432, 249 (2003).
  74. "Formation and Characterization of Electroless-Deposited NiTe2 Back Contacts to CdTe/CdS Thin-Film Solar Cells," Kevin D. Dobson, Ofer Rotlevi, Doug. Rose and Gary Hodes, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149(2),  G147 (2003).
  75. "Factors Affecting the Stability of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells, Deduced from Stress Tests at Elevated Temperature," I. Visoly-Fisher, K. D. Dobson, J. Nair, E. Bezalel, G. Hodes, D. Cahen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 13, 289 (2003).
  76. "Deposition and Structural Characterization of Poly-Si Thin Films on Al-coated Glass Substrates Using Hot-wire Chemical Vapor Deposition," Ozgenc Ebil, Roger Aparicio, Sutki Hazra, Robert W. Birkmire, Eli Sutter, Thin Solid Films 430, 120 (2003).

    77. 2004

  77. "Bulk and Metastable Defects in CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films Using Drive-level Capacitance Profiling," Jennifer T. Heath, J. David Cohen, William N. Shafarman, J. Appl. Phys. 95(3), 1000 (2004).
  78. "Optical Properties of Cd1-xZnxTe Films in a Device Structure Using Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry," P.D. Paulson, B.E. McCandless, and R.W. Birkmire, J. Appl. Phys. 95(6), 3010 (2004).
  79. "Improved Fill Factors in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells on Zinc Oxide by Insertion of a Germanium Layer to Block Impurity Incorporation," G. Ganguly, D.E. Carlson, S.S.  Hegedus, D. Ryan, R.G. Gordon, D. Pang, R.C. Reedy, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(3), 479 (2004).
  80. "Physical Characterization of Thin-film Solar Cells," Ken Durose, Sally E. Asher, Wolfram Jaegermann, Dean Levi, Brian E. McCandless, Wyatt Metzger, Helio Moutinho, P.D. Paulson, Craig L. Perkins, James R. Sites, Glenn Teeter and Mathias Terheggen, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 12, 177 (2004).
  81.  "Manufacture of Thin-Film Solar Cells:  Modeling and Control of Cu(InGa)Se2 Physical Vapor Deposition onto a Moving Substrate," Sven Tobias Junker, Robert W. Birkmire, Francis J. Doyle, III, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43, 566 (2004).
  82. "Surface Sulfurization of Thin Film Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells" Udai P. Singh, William N. Shafarman, and Robert W. Birkmire,  Technical Digest of Int’l PVSEC-14 1-136, 607 (2004).
  83.  "Thin-Film Solar Cells: Device Measurements and Analysis," Steven S. Hegedus, and William N. Shafarman, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 12(3), 155 (2004).
  84. "Thin-Film Solar Cells: An Overview," K. L. Chopra, P. D. Paulson and V. Dutta, Prog. Photovolt: Res Appl. 12, 69 (2004).
  85. "Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Investigation of Optical and Interface Properties of CdTe Films Deposited on Metal Foils," P.D. Paulson and Xavier Matthew, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 82, 279 (2004).
  86. "Material and Device Properties of Single-Phase Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Alloys Prepared by Selenization/Sulfurization of Metallic Alloys," V. Alberts, J. Titus, R.W. Birkmire, Thin Solid Films 451-452, 207 (2004).
  87. "Accurate Determination of Optical Constants of Textured SnO2 Using Low Incidence Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry," P.D. Paulson and Steven S. Hegedus, J. Appl.  Phys. 96(10), 5469 (2004).
  88. "Processing Options for CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless, Kevin D. Dobson, Solar Energy 77, 839 (2004).
  89. "Evolution and Future Prospects of Inorganic Photovoltaics," Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. SPIE 5520, 9 (2004).
  90.  "Processing Improvements for Roll-to-Roll Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2," E. Eser, S. Fields, G. Hanket, R.W. Birkmire, W. Shafarman, Prog. Rev 32, (2004).
  91. "In-Situ Aluminum-Induced Crystallization of Si Thin-Films on Glass Substrates above the Eutectic Temperature using HW-CVD," Ozgenc Ebil, Roger Aparicio and Robert Birkmire, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 808, A4.24 (2004).
  92. *"Thin-Film Solar Cells on Polymer Substrates for Space Power," A.F. Hepp, J.S. McNatt, J.E. Dickman, D.L. Morel, C.S. Ferekides, M.H.C. Jin, K.K. Banger, N. Orbey, M. Cushman, R.W. Birkmire, W.N. Shafarman and R. Newton, 2nd Int’l Energy Conv. Eng. Conf., 5737 (2004).
  93.  "Growth and Characterization of Cd1-xZn, Te and CuIn1-xGax(Se1-ySy)2 for Wide Bandgap Solar Cells," W.N. Shafarman and B.E. McCandless, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2004).
  94. "Progress in Thin Film Si Bottom Cells for High Performance Thin Film Tandem Solar Cells," Roger Aparicio, Vijay Yelundur, Steven Hegedus, Brian Rounsaville, Ajeet Rohatgi, Robert Birkmire, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2004).
  95. "Evolution of Thin Film Photovoltaics," Robert W. Birkmire, Steven S. Hegedus and Brian E. McCandless, paper submitted to World Renewable Energy Congress VIII and printed in Book of Abstracts, 324 (2004).

    96. 2005

  96. "Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells on a Flexible Polymer Web," Robert Birkmire, Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, William Shafarman, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 13(2), 141 (2005).
  97. "Mass and Heat Transfer Modeling of a Physical Vapor Deposition Effusion Source," S. Tobias Junker, Robert W. Birkmire, and Francis J. Doyle III, AIChE Journal 51(3), 878 (2005).
  98. "Sputtered Cd1-xZnxTe Films for Top Junctions in Tandem Solar Cells," Sung Hyun Lee, Akhlesh Gupta, ShanLiWang, Alvin D. Compaan, Brian E. McCandless, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells, 551 (2005).
  99. "Losses in CuInSe2-Based Thin Film Monolithic Tandem Solar Cells," William N. Shafarman and Puthur D. Paulson, Proc. 31st EEE PVSC, 231 (2005).
  100. "Chalcogen Incorporation in Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Coevaporated Thin Films," Alex Stavrides, Clifford Yapp, William Shafarman, Roger Aparicio, Robert Opila, and Robert Birkmire, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 247 (2005).
  101. "High Throughput Processing of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless, Wayne A. Buchanan and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 295 (2005).
  102. "Transient Degradation and Recovery of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells," Steven Hegedus, Darshini Desai, Dan Ryan and Brian McCandless, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 319 (2005).
  103. "Single Bath Electrodeposition of CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 for Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells," M. Estela Calixto, Kevin D. Dobson, Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 378 (2005).
  104. "Cd1-xZnxTe Solar Cells with 1.6 eV Band Gap",  Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 398 (2005).
  105. "Critical Issues in Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 on Polymer Web: Source Spitting and Back Contact Cracking," Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, Gregory Hanket, Robert W. Birkmire, Jeffrey Doody, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 515 (2005).
  106. "Critical Issues for Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells on Flexible Polymer Web," Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, William Shafarman, Robert Birkmire, submitted to the 19th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference (SPRAT XIX), Sept. 2005.
  107. "Real BOS and System Costs of Off-grid PV Installations in the US: 1987-2004," Steven Hegedus and Nozumi Okubo, Proc. 31st IEEE PVSC, 1651 (2005).
  108.   "CdTe Contacts for CdTe/CdS Solar Cells: Effect of Cu Thickness, Surface Preparation and Recontacting on Device Performance and Stability," Steven S. Hegedus and Brian E. McCandless, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 88, 75 (2005).
  109. *"The determination of carrier mobilities in CIGS photovoltaic devices using high-frequency admittance measurements," J.W. Lee, J.D. Cohen and W.N. Shafarman, Thin Solid Films 480-481, 336 (2005).
  110. "Five-Source PVD for the Deposition of Cu(In 1-x Ga x)(Se 1-y S y )2 Absorber Layers," M. Gossla and W.N. Shafarman, Thin Solid Films 480-481, 33 (2005).
  111. "Photocapacitance Spectroscopy in Copper Indium Diselenide Alloys," J.D. Cohen, J.T. Heath, and W.N. Shafarman, Springer Series in Materials Science, Wide-Gap Chalcopyrites, 69 (2005).
  112.  "Characterization of the Electronic Properties of Wide Bandgap CuIn(SeS)2 Alloys," A.F. Halverson, P.T. Erslev, J.W. Lee, J.D. Cohen and W.N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 519 (2005). 
  113. "Application of Advanced Microstructural and Microchemical Microscopy Techniques to Chalcopyrite Solar Cells," C. Lei, C.M. Li, A. Rockett, I.M. Robertson and W.N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 93 (2005). 
  114. "Analysis of Cu(InGa)Se2 Alloy Film Optical Properties and the Effect of Cu Off-Stoichiometry," P.D. Paulson, S. H. Stephens and W.N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 21 (2005)
  115. "Detailed Study of Metastable Effects in the Cu(InGa)Se2 Alloys: Test of Defect Creation Models," JinWoo Lee, Jennifer T. Heath, J. David Cohen and William N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 373 (2005).
  116. "Glancing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction of Polycrystalline Thin Films," Brian E. McCandless,  Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 75 (2005).
  117. "Understanding Aniline Surface Treatment of CdTe," Kevin D. Dobson, Stephanie A. Einstein, Daniel D. Sadowsky, Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 293 (2005).
  118. "Transparent ZnTe:Cu Contacts for Bifacial Characterization of CdTe Solar Cells,"  Darshini Desai, Steven Hegedus, Brian McCandless and Daniel Ryan, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 405 (2005).
  119. "Growth Mechanisms of Electrodeposited CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2  and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Determined by Cyclic Voltammetry," M. Estela Calixto, Kevin D. Dobson, Brian E. McCandless, and Robert W. Birkmire,  Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 865, 431 (2005).
  120. "Thin CdTe Solar Cells with High Throughput Processing," B.E. McCandless, K.D. Dobson, S.S. Hegedus, W.A. Buchanan, D. Desai, R.W. Birkmire, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2005).
  121. "Development of a Wide Bandgap Cell for Thin Film Tandem Solar Cells," William Shafarman, Shiro Nishiwaki, and Brian McCandless, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2005).
  122. "Thin Film Si Bottom Cells for High-Efficiency Polycrystalline Tandem Cells," Vijay Yelundur, Steven Hegedus, Ujjwal Das, Michael Burrows, Ajeet Rohatgi, and Robert Birkmire, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2005).
  123. "Pathways to Thin Film Polycrystalline Silicon Using Amorphous Silicon Precursors," O. Ebil, S. Hegedus, M. Lu and R. Birkmire, presented at the Solar Program Review Meeting, (2005).
  124. "Defect Studies Using Photocapacitance Spectroscopy in the Copper Indium Diselenide Alloys," J.D. Cohen, J.T. Heath and W.N. Shafarman, Chapter 13 in Wide Gap Chalcopyrites, ed. By U. Rau S. Siebentritt (Springer Scientific, (2005).

    125. 2006

  125.  "Comparison of Device Performance and Measured Transport Parameters in Widely-Varying Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) Solar Cells," I. L. Repins, B. J. Stanbery, D.L. Young, S.S. Li, W.K. Metzger, C.L. Perkins,W.N. Shafarman, M.E. Beck, L. Chen, V.K. Kapur, D. Tarrant, M.D. Gonzalez, D.G. Jensen, T.J.Anderson, X. Wang, L.L. Kerr, B. Keyes, S. Asher, A. Delahoy and B Von Roedern, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 14, 25 (2006).
  126. "Sulfur Incorporation into Copper Indium Diselenide Single Crystals Through Annealing in Hydrogen Sulfide," Jochen Titus, Robert W. Birkmire, Christina Hack, Georg Muller, and Patrick McKeown, J. Appl. Phys. 99, 043502 (2006).
  127. "Controlling Growth Chemistry and Morphology of Single-Bath Electrodeposited Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for Photovoltaic Application," M. Estela Calixto, Kevin D. Dobson, Brian E. McCandless and Robert W. Birkmire, J. Electrochem. Soc. 153(6), G521 (2006).
  128. "Thin Film Solar Modules: The Low Cost, High Throughput and Versatile Alternative to Si Wafers," S. Hegedus, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.14, 393 (2006).
  129. "Role of Bulk Defect States in Limiting CIGS Device Properties," JinWoo Lee, Jennifer T. Heath. J. David Cohen and William N. Shafarman, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 360 (2006).
  130. "Electronic Properties of Wide Bandgap Penetenary Chalcopyrite Alloys and their Photovoltaic Devices," Adam Halverson, Shiro Nishiwaki, William Shafarman and J. David Cohen, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 364 (2006).
  131. "How CdTe Solar Cells Operate: Determining Collection Using Befacial Device Characterization," D. Desai, S. Hegedus, B. McCandless, R. Birkmire, K. Dobson, D. Ryan, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 368 (2006).
  132. "Characterization of Cu(InGa)Se2 Solar Cells Using Etched Absorber Layers," William N. Shafarman, Rongxue S. Huang, Scott H. Stephens, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 420 (2006).
  133. "Preparation of Wide Bandgap Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Solar Cells with Improved Fill Factor," Shiro Nishiwaki and William N. Shafarman, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 461 (2006).
  134. "Thin Film Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells," Brian E. McCandless, Wayne A. Buchanan and Gregory M. Hanket, Proc.32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 483 (2006).
  135. "Composition Control in the Growth of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 by the Reaction of Cu-In-Ga Precursors in H2Se and H2S," Gregory M. Hanket, William N. Shafarman, Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 560 (2006).
  136. "Effect of Process Paramater Variation in Deposited Emitter and Buffer Layers on the Performance of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells," Ujjwal Das, Stuart Bowden, Michael Burrows, Steven Hegedus and Robert Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 1283 (2006).
  137. "Carrier Lifetime as a Developmental and Diagnostic Tool in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells," S. Bowden, U.K. Das, S.S. Hegedus, R.W. Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 1295 (2006).
  138.  "Design Strategy for Scale-Up of Physical Vapor Deposition of Cu(InGa)Se2 on Flexible Substrates," Kapil Mukati, Babatunde A. Ogunnaike, Erten Eser, Shannon Fields, Robert W. Birkmire, Proc. 32nd IEEE PVSC and WCPEC-4, 1842 (2006).
  139.  "Surface Sulfurization Studies of Cu(InGa)Se2 Thin Film," Udai P. Singh, William N. Shafarman, Robert W. Birkmire, Solar Energy Mat. & Solar Cells 90, 623 (2006).
  140. "Break-even Price Estimates for Residental PV Applications in OECD Countries with an Analysis of Prospective Cost Reductions," Daniele Poponi, John Bryne and Steven Hegedus, Energy Studies Rev. 14(1), 104 (2006).
  141. "Oxygen Pressure Dependence of Copper Ion Transport in SiO2 Dielectrics," L.P. Shepherd, A. Matthew, B.E. McCandless, and B.G. Willis, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24(3), 1287 (2006).
  142. "Void Formation and Surface Energies in Cu(InGa)Se2," C. Lei, A. Rockett, I.M. Robertson, W.N. Shafarman and M. Beck, J. Appl. Phys. 100, 073518 (2006).
  143. "Design of a Vapor Transport Deposition Process," G.M. Hanket, B.E. McCandless, W.A. Buchanan, S. Fields, and R.W. Birkmire, J. Vac. Sci. and Technol. A, 24(5), 1695 (2006).

    144. 2007

  144. "Contact Wetting Angle as a Characterization Technique for Processing CdTe/CdS Solar Cells," M.S. Angelo, B.E. McCandless, R.W. Birkmire, R.A. Rykov and J.G. Chen, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 15, 93 (2007).
  145. "Interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell and the effect of front surface passivation," Meijun Lu, Stuart Bowden, Ujjwal Das, Robert Birkmire, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 063407 (2007). http://link.aip.org/link/?APL/91/063507
  146. "Composition Control in the Deposition of Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 Thin Films," William Shafarman, Gregory Hanket, and Shiro Nishiwaki, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1012, 1012-Y02-01, (2007).
  147. "Understanding Metastable Defect Creation in CIGS by Detailed Device Modeling and Measurements on Bifacial Solar Cells," JinWoo Lee, David Berney Needleman,William N. Shafarman, and J. David Cohen, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1012, 1012-Y04-02, (2007).
  148. "Energetics of Both Minority and Majority Carrier Transitions through Deep Defects in Wide Bandgap Pentenary Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 Thin Film Solar Cells." Adam Halverson, Shiro Nishiwaki, William Shafarman, and J. David Cohen, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.1012, 1012-Y04-04, (2007).
  149. "Electronic Defects and Device Performance in CuGaSe2 Solar Cells," J. Jedediah Rembold, Todd W. Curtis, Jennifer T. Heath, David L. Young, Steve W. Johnston, and William N. Shafarman, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.1012, 1012-Y12-27, (2007).
  150. "Study of the Electronic Properties of Matched Na-Containing and Reduced-Na CuInGaSe2 Samples Using Junction Capacitance Methods," Peter T. Erslev, Adam Halverson, William Shafarman, and J. David Cohen, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1012, 1012-Y12-30, (2007).
  151. "Incongruent Reaction of Cu-(InGa) Intermetallic Precursors in H2Se and H2S," G.M. Hanket, W.N. Shafarman, B.E. McCandless and R.W. Birkmire, J. Appl. Phys. 102, 074823 (2007).  URL: http://link.aip.org/link/?JAP/102/074922

 
Related Pages