CHIN105
Final Review Sheet
1. Basic sentence structures:
I. Sub + Verb + Object
我 看 书。
他 打 球。
你 喝 咖 啡。
II. Sub + Adv + Verb + Obj
我也看书。
他们都打球。
III. Sub + Time+ Location + Verb + Obj
小王明天在图书馆看书。
Little Zhang worked at school today.
________________________________.
IV. Sub + AuxVerb/Time+ Location + Verb + Obj
爸爸这个周末要去美国开会。
Wang Peng would like to watch TV at home tonight.
_____________________________________________.
Remember, those formulas are supposed to give only a general guideline. Subjects usually can be before or after time phrases, for example (but they shall always precede verbs). One rule stands true in Chinese syntax, however, and that is the modifiers always precede the parts that are being modified.
V. Two kinds of predicates
A: S (subject) + adj/adv predicate：Temporary, state of being situation
我 很 好。
这 个 电 影 很 有意思。
Today she is happy: ___________________________
Remember, the degree modifiers such as “很“，“太”，etc, are usually not dispensable. Without them the sentences usually suggest implied comparison.
小高家大。 ____________________________________
B: S + " 是 " + Obj : permanent, identification situations
我 是 老 师。
你 是 学 生。
他 姐 姐 是 大 学 生。
VI. The structure of questions
There are two types of questions:
A: “Yes/No” question:
a: Add a “吗“at the end of the sentence
b: V-not-V:
你是不是中国人？
她喜欢不喜欢跳舞？
There is one restriction with the V-not-V…
It doesn’t work with adverbs..
L 他常常看不看书？
B: The type with a “real” question word (“谁“，“什么”，“几”，etc. ) that solicits a content answer. The question words are where the answer would be.
你叫什么名字？
她是谁？
How old are you this year?
__________________________________________.
VII. Negation:
There are two negation words:
“不“ is for_______________________________
“没“ is for ______________________________
I don’t like playing ball.
_________________________________________.
She doesn’t have any brothers.
__________________________________________.
Wang Peng didn’t sleep yesterday.
__________________________________________.
2. The modal verb “了“signify completed action.
A: When do you need completed action “了”？
I felt she wasn’t happy yesterday.
______________________________________.
B: Locations of “了”
At the end of sentence
Right after verb. When?
I had two cups of tea this afternoon.
_________________________________________.
C: Questions with “了”: end of sentence“吗”, OR V-not-V with 没有
Did you have coffee this morning?
___________________________________ OR
____________________________________.
D: Negations with “了”
Li You didn’t eat Chinese food yesterday.
______________________________________.
Little Gao didn’t like play ball.
_____________________________________.
3. Important Patterns/function words:
A. 给as preposition:
S + 给 + 01 + V + 02
她 给 我 打 了 一 个 电 话。
B. “就”：the very one.
请 问 你 是 王 朋 吗 ？ 是 ， 我 就 是 王 朋
C. 要是：
要 是 你 有 空 ， 请 给 我 打 一 个 电 话 。
D. 以后：Remember: after goes after!
我 回 来 以 后 给 你 打 电 话 吧 。
I will have time after 5:00 Pm today.
__________________________________________.
E. Suggestion particle “吧”
我们去跳舞吧。
我喝啤酒吧。
F. “才”
Sub + Time + “才”+ Verb +…
小白昨天晚上三点才睡觉。
她 为 什 么 七 点 钟 才 来 ？
Mom didn’t eat dinner until 9:00Pm tonight.
__________________________________________.
G. “那”
小王不喜欢喝酒，那我们喝可乐吧。
H. 因为。。。所以。。。
因 为 昨 天 你 请 我 吃 饭 ， 所 以 今 天 我 请 你 看 电 影 。
Because today is your birthday, therefore I will treat you to dinner.
__________________________________________________.
I. 可是
Today is not Wednesday, but tomorrow is.
_________________________________________________.
J. 还是
你 喜 欢 吃 中 国 饭 还 是 美 国 饭 ？
Do you have an older brother or an older sister?
_________________________________________________.
K. 还有
他 有 爸 爸 ， 妈 妈 ， 还 有 一 个 妹 妹 。
L. 呢
我 姓 王。 你 呢 ？
他 妹 妹 叫 王 朋 。 你 妹 妹 呢 ？
M. 常常， 有时候
他 常 常 打 蓝 球。
我 有 时 候 喜 欢 看 电 视。
N. 一下 和 一点
一下 modifies the verb before it.
我 介 绍 一 下。
你 看 一 下 。 这 是 谁 的 照 片 ？
一点 modifies the noun after it.
They both are also softeners.
我看了一点儿那个电影。
我喝了一点儿他的茶。
What would you like to drink?
______________________________________________.
Have a seat, please. (sit down a little bit)
______________________________________________.
O. 想 和 要
想 can only be followed by Verb to mean “want to do sth.”
我今天想跳舞。
If it is followed by a noun, what does it mean?
我想我的朋友。
________________________________________________.
要 on the other hand, can be followed by both verb and noun to mean
“want”.
我要咖啡。
我要看电影。
However, remember要 has another meaning….and it is NOT the same as
“will” in English…
I have a meeting to attend this afternoon.
__________________________________________________________.
Tomorrow I will(have to ) take a test.
___________________________________________________________.
P. 喜欢 和 想 和 觉得
I like playing ball.
________________________________________________________.
I would like to play ball today.
_________________________________________________________.
I think playing ball is very interesting.
_________________________________________________________.
Q. 也， 还， 还有
也， 还 is followed by verbs。 They overlap a lot.
还有 is followed by nouns.
还， 还有 both emphasize on “in addition”, so they are used more often when making a list…
他 是 学 生。 你 也 是 学 生 (can’t use “还”)
他 有 爸 爸 ， 妈 妈 ， 还 有 一 个 妹 妹 。
我喜欢跳舞，唱歌，还喜欢看电影。
R. 去 和 到。。。去。
They are the same!!
去中国 = 到中国去
4. Useful functions
· Proper greetings and take leave
· Introduce one-self and inquire about the others upon first meeting.
· Know the numbers up to 99 and being able to ask about quantity.
· Describe family members and what they do
· Tell dates and time.
· Discuss one’s hobbies.
· Make plans/suggest on future activities
· Pay visit with proper courtesies at the door.
· Welcome guest / offer food/drink with proper courtesies
· Negotiate time/make appointment
· Make phone calls with proper courtesies.
5. Measure words
What are the measure words we have learned so far?
__________________________________________________.
When do you need MW?
A.
B.
6. Pinyin
Know the spelling rules
Know where to mark the tones
1. mark on the vowel if there is only one vowel;
2. if there are more than one vowels and the first one is 'i', 'u' or 'ü', then the second vowel takes the mark;
3. Otherwise,the first vowel takes the mark. (the vowels in Pinyin: 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'ü' )
7. Questions?
错句