History Standard Two:

Students will gather, examine, and analyze historical data [Analysis].

The basic sources of history are the documents and artifacts created in the past, which provide direct evidence of historical phenomena. Systematic collection of such materials as are available is a prerequisite for historical research. Critical examination of historical materials requires logical analysis, an appreciation of context, and an understanding of the principles of evidence.

The complexity of the standard will increase at each succeeding grade cluster:

• K-3:
  • Students will use artifacts and documents to gather information about the past.
• 4-5:
  • Students will identify artifacts and documents as either primary or secondary sources of historical data from which historical accounts are constructed.
  • Students will examine historical materials relating to a particular region, society, or theme; chronologically arrange them, and analyze change over time.
• 6-8:
  • Students will master the basic research skills necessary to conduct an independent investigation of historical phenomena.
  • Students will examine historical documents, artifacts, and other materials, and analyze them in terms of credibility, as well as the purpose, perspective, or point of view for which they were constructed.
• 9-12:
  • Students will develop and implement effective research strategies for investigating a given historical topic.
  • Students will examine and analyze primary and secondary sources in order to differentiate between historical facts and historical interpretations.