The course reader, available at the University of Delaware Bookstore, includes the articles listed below. Background material for most articles and copies of several early articles, whose copyrights have expired, are linked to this page. English translations of are provided for those articles originally written in German.

1864 Stokes, G. G., On the Reduction and Oxidation of the Colouring Matter of Blood. Proc. Royal Soc. London 13, 355-364. Background material for Stokes (1864).

1886 Zinoffsky, O., Ueber die Grösse des Hämoglobinmolecüls. Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 10, 16-34. Background material for Zinoffsky (1886).

1904 Bohr, C., Hasselbalch, K. and Krogh, A., Über einen in biologischer Beziehung wichtigen Einfluss, den die Kohlensäurespannung des Blutes auf dessen Saurestoffbindung übt. Skand. Arch. Physiol.16, 401 - 412.

1910 Herrick, J. E., Peculiar Elongated and Sickle-Shaped Red-Blood Corpuscles in a Case of Severe Anemia. Archives of Internal Med. 6, 517-521. Background material for Herrick (1910).

1912 Peters, R. A., Chemical Nature of Specific Oxygen Capacity in Haemoglobin. J. Physiol. 44, 131-149.

1912 Douglas, C. G., Haldane, J. S. and Haldane, J.B.S., The Laws of Combination of Haemoglobin with Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen. J. Physiol. 44, 275-304. Background material for Douglas et al. (1912).

1923 Conant, J. B., An Electrochemical Study of Hemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 57, 401-414. Background material for Conant (1923).

1926 Svedberg, T. and Fåhraeus, R., A New Method for the Determination of the Molecular Weight of the Proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, 430-438. Background material for Svedberg and Fåhraeus (1926).

1933 Diggs, L. W., Ahmann, G. F. and Bibb, J., The Incidence and Significance of the Sickle Cell Trait. Annals of Internal Med. 7, 769-778. Background material for Diggs et al. (1933).

1946 Shemin, D. and Rittenberg, D., The Life Span of the Human Red Blood Cell, J. Biol. Chem. 166, 627 - 636. Background article by David Shemin, Bioessays 10, (1989).

1949 Pauling, L., Itano, H. A., Singer, S. J. and Wells, I. C., Sickle Cell Anemia, A Molecular Disease. Science 110, 543-548. Background material for Pauling et al. (1949).

1954 Allison, A. C., Protection Afforded by Sickle-Cell Trail Against Subtertian Malarial Infection. Brit. Med. J. 1, 290-294. Background material for Allison (1954).

1958 Ingram, V. M., Abnormal Human Haemoglobins I. The Comparison of Normal Human and Sickle-Cell Haemoglobins by "Fingerprinting." Biochim. Biophys. Acta 28, 539-545. Background material for Ingram's articles.

1959 Ingram, V. M., Abnormal Human Haemoglobins III. The Chemical Difference Between Normal and Sickle Cell Haemoglobins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 36, 402-411.