Professor Brophy
History 102

Fascism and National Socialism
Introduction
    -interwar Europe and the emergence of fascism as mass movement
    -the 1930s and the crisis of democracy

II. What is Fascism?
-the fascist negatives
-authoritarian, personal style of command
-need for populist acclaim in modern polity
-glorification of state-nation: the subordination of individual to state
-valorization of violence; belief in empire/war
-fascist political style; fascist rhetoric of idealism
-distinction between fascism and communism

III. Rise of Fascism in Italy
-war and national shame; the Fiumi incident
-communism and the middle classes, 1919-21
-Mussolini’s combat troops and violence
-the March on Rome (1922)
-evolution toward one-party state: 1922-29
-doctrine and reality of fascism

IV. Rise of National Socialism in Germany
-1918-19: defeat, rev., republic
-era of ‘Putsches’, 1919-23
-Hitler’s 1923 Putsch in Munich
-recasting of Party, 1925-30
-depression and political crisis
-Hitler becomes chancellor, 1933
-dismantlement of democracy, 1933-34
-the racial state

V. Fascists in Power
-suppression of civil liberties
-terror against political opposition
-one-party states and the aim toward totalitarian rule
-war economies, bellicose ideologies, the coming
    of war