• Biomechanics and energetics of gait

• Amputee locomotion

• Knee osteoarthritis

• Ph.D., Arizona State University, 1999

• M.S., University of Delaware, 1993 

• B.S., Pennsylvania State University, 1987

• 2006-present, Associate Professor, University of Delaware

• 2000-2006, Assistant Professor, University of Delaware

• 1999-2000, Assistant Professor, Tulane University

• Crenshaw, S.J., Royer, T.D., Richards, J.G., and Hudson, D.J.  Gait variability in people with multiple sclerosis (in press, Multiple Sclerosis).

• Royer, T.D. and Wasilewski, C.A.  (2006)  Hip and knee frontal plane moments in persons with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation.  Gait and Posture.  23(3), 303-306.

• Royer, T.D. and Koenig, M.D.  (2005)  Joint loading and bone mineral density in persons with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation.  Clinical Biomechanics. 20(10), 1119-1125.

• Royer, T.D.  (2005)  Electromyography and muscle force: caution ahead.  Athletic Therapy Today. 10(4), 43-45.

• Royer, T.D. and Martin, P.E.  (2005)  Manipulations of leg mass and moment of inertia:  effects on energy cost of walking.  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 37(4), 649-656.

• NIH - Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (Todd Royer, PI for project #3; Irene Davis, co-PI), $931,815; "Effect of In-Shoe Orthoses on Lower-Extremity Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis"; (2002-07) P20 RR16458 (Tom Buchanan PI for the COBRE center grant)

Current Research

We are currently investigating 1) secondary disability of lower-extremity amputation (e.g., gait asymmetry, increased metabolic cost of locomotion, increased risk of joint degradation) and 2) a conservative in-shoe wedged orthotic treatment for knee osteoarthritis.