"%')+-/2468;=?ACEFHJKMOQSUWXZ[12 M Y 326 ]Y 2c The prohibition against excessive bail is guaranteed by the ____________ Amendment. a. Sixth b. Seventh c. Eighth d. Fourteenth 12 M Y 327 ]Y 2+c The Supreme Court's position on the right to bail has remained essentially the same over the years because a. issues involving bail are relatively few. b. bail is a matter of "states' rights." c. the issue of bail is a moot one by the time the case reaches the appellate stage. d. all of the above 12 M Y 328 ]Y 2c Which of the following is generally not a consideration in bail setting? a. the strength of the state's case b. the seriousness of the crime c. the safety of the victim d. the defendant's prior record (12 M Y 330 ]Y 2b A (an) ____________ is a written order, issued by the court, authorizing a defendant's arrest. a. arrest warrant b. bench warrant c. sheriff's order d. charging affidavit 12 M Y 331 ]Y 2a Research has demonstrated that persons unable to make bail are more likely to ____________ than persons receiving pretrial release. a. be indicted, convicted, and sentenced b. have their bail reduced c. receive a lesser sentence d. all of the above X12 M Y 334 ]Y 2jb The information is a charging document filed by the a. grand jury. b. prosecutor. c. bailiff. d. police. 12 M Y 334-35 ]Y 2b A grand jury does not a. investigate alleged misbehavior by public officials. b. find a verdict of guilty or not guilty in criminal trials. c. determine if an ac cused shall be held for trial. d. protect citizens from unfair accusations. N12 M Y 336 ]Y 2ja A ____________ vote is required for a "true bill." a. majority b. unanimous c. capitulating d. plurality 12 #M Y 337 ]Y 2b ____________ immunity prohibits the government from using a witness's compelled testimony at a grand jury hearing in a subsequent criminal proceeding. a. Limited b. Use c. Transactional d. Selective &12 %M Y 337 ]Y 2b When a grand jury exercises its ____________, witnesses who refuse to testify may be jailed. a. rule of intervention b. contempt power c. ex parte rules d. compulsion privileges 12 &M Y 338 ]Y 2vc The most common plea at arraignment is the plea of a. guilty. b. innocent. c. not guilty d. guilty with explanation. 12 (M Y 339 ]Y 2b The plea of nolo contendere has its advantages over a guilty plea because it a. usually results in a lighter sentence. b. protects the accused against civil suits. c. limits the judge's sentencing alternatives. d. eliminates the need for a jury trial. ^12 6M Y 342-43 ]Y 2b By far, the most common pretrial motions are those of a. discovery and severance. b. suppression and dismissal. c. continuance and inspection. d. change of venue and bill of particulars. 12 =M Y 349 ]Y 3:b An "impartial" jury, in constitutional terms, means one that a. comes from voter registration rolls. b. is representative of the population. c. has no prior knowledge, of any kind, of the offender and the offense. d. has no restrictions against persons in any age, sex, race, religious, or occupational category. 12 LM Y 360-61 ]Y 3c Jury nullification occurs when a. there is a nonunanimous verdict. b. there is a mistrial because of jury tampering. c. the jury disregards certain aspects of evidence and the law, or suspends the force of strict legal procedure. d. the jury is unable to reach a verdict. o12 NM Y 356 ]Y 3c Evidence from which a fact can be reasonably inferred is a. testimonial evidence. b. real evidence. c. circumstantial evidence. d. hearsay evidence. 13 M Y 370 ]Y 2xb ____________ seeks to make the punishment fit the crime. a. Isolation b. Retribution c. Deterrence d. all of the above 13 M Y 370-71 ]Y 2d The "just deserts" philosophy of punishment a. has the object of community protection. b. seeks to change the offender's behavior. c. suggests the biblical prescription of "an eye for an eye." d. implies retribution, vengeance, and revenge. P13 M Y 372 ]Y 2c General deterrence seeks to a. prevent particular offenders from engaging in future criminal acts. b. increase the number of laws so as to reduce crime. c. discour!age would-be offenders from committing crimes. d. restrain convicted offenders. R13 M Y 388 ]Y 2c When the framers of the Constitution incorporated the ban against cruel and unusual punishment into the Bill of Rights, what they probably had in mind was a. the d#eath penalty. b. the punishment imposed for treason under English common law. c. the many grisly forms of execution that had appeared in human history, such as flaying and burning at the stake. d. capital punishment for all crimes other than the more s$erious violent crimes. 13 M Y 389 ]Y 20d An analysis of executions under civil authority in the United States demonstrates that a. more blacks than whites were executed. b. blacks were executed for rape m&ore often than members of any other group. c. the death penalty was apparently an instrument for racial discrimination. d. all of the above 13 M Y 391 ]Y 2a In a variety of decisions from 1878 through 1958, the Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of various methods of punishment. Among those declared unconstitu(tional was a. expatriation. b. public shooting. c. electrocution. d. hanging. Q13 !M Y 391 ]Y 2a The Supreme Court ruled in ____________ that states cannot exclude from juries in capital cases all persons opposed to the death penalty. a. Witherspoon v. Illi*nois b. McGautha v. California c. Furman v. Georgia d. Gregg v. Georgia W13 #M Y 392 ]Y 2<b In ____________, the High Court held that statutes that leave arbitrary and discriminatory discretion to juries in imposing death sentences violate the Eighth Amend,ment ban on cruel and unusual punishment. a. McGautha v. California b. Furman v. Georgia c. Godfrey v. Georgia d. Roberts v. Louisiana 13 )M Y 396 ]Y 2a For inmates sentenced to death under federal statutes, the method of execution is a. governed by the law of the state in which the execution is to be carried out. .b. the firing squad. c. electrocution. d. lethal gas. 813 +M Y 398 ]Y 2d Those in favor of capital punishment argue that its use will deter others from committing capital crimes. Given the extensive research and commentary on this argume0nt, it can be concluded that a. the death penalty deters homicide. b. the death penalty has no effect on the rates of capital crimes. c. capital punishment is an effective deterrent for those who are not predisposed to commit crimes. d. there has been1 no evidence that conclusively supports the idea that the death penalty deters homicide. [13 /M Y 409 ]Y 2 c The prosecution has the right to appeal when a. the defendant has been acquitted on the basis of jury nullification. b. the accused has been declared not guilty on3 the basis of a directed verdict. c. a conviction is reversed on some matter of law. d. all of the above k13 0M Y 372 ]Y 2-b Specific deterrence differs from general deterrence in that the former a. seeks to discourage others from committing crimes. b. is designed to prevent a particular5 offender from committing future criminal acts. c. seeks to prevent violation of specific laws. d. is aimed at obtaining social justice. 15 M Y 449 ]Y 2@b "Total institutions" are places that a. house large groups of people who work at a common purpose. b. furnish barriers to social interchange with the world at larg7e. c. are characterized by rigid rules but with no centralized authority. d. restrict contact between residents through the use of coercion and punishment. 15 M Y 453 ]Y 2c Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding contemporary prison administration? a. Prisons are often organized as a subdivision of some larger bra9nch of state government. b. Most wardens and superintendents are career civil service employees. c. Most wardens are highly educated in the behavioral sciences. d. The management of a prison is a major administrative task rivaling that of many large bu:sinesses. 15 M Y 456 ]Y 2:c Because of the lack of means to carry out their custodial duties, most prison guards a. become brutal and sadistic. b. work in conjunction with the prison black ma<rket. c. use the spirit of compromise to accomplish their work. d. develop an elaborate system of rewards and punishments to exact inmate compliance. 15 M Y 457 ]Y 2a ____________ is a process through which the educational, vocational, treatment, and custodial needs of the offender are determined. a. Classification b. Reception >c. Segregation d. Diagnosis 15 M Y 458 ]Y 2b A(n) ____________ is a central receiving facility where offenders sentenced to a term of imprisonment are committed for orientation and classification. a. classifi@cation unit b. reception center c. orientation center d. reformatory G15 M Y 464 ]Y 2Vc Which of the following comments about vocational programs in prisons is inaccurate? a. Prison shops are poorly equipped. b. Training is in fields where work is uBnavailable in the outside world. c. Inmates are generally trained in areas that have some relevance to the outside job market. d. Programs often lack the proper technical staff. 15 M Y 468 ]Y 2b The therapeutic community is a a. form of institutionalized group therapy. b. total treatment environment. c. variety of group social casework. d. form of group psDychotherapy. 15 M Y 471 ]Y 2a Any item that is not issued or authorized in a prison is known as a. contraband. b. black market goods. c. "bootleg." d. "scam." 15 M Y 471 ]Y 2d The major rule violations that occur in prisons and result in disciplinary hearings involve a. escape attempts. b. possession of weapons. c. hiding contraband. d. Gdrugs, sex, and fighting. 15 M Y 453 ]Y 2nb As noted in the text, the vast majority of correctional institutions for women only offer vocational training in "female-dominated" occupations. This is problematicI for many women inmates because a. employment opportunities in these fields are shrinking. b. these jobs are notorious for their low pay and lack of benefits. c. a and b above d. none of the above 15 M Y 480 ]Y 2\d The primary task of prisons is a. treatment. b. punishment. c. rehabilitation. d. custody. 15 M Y 477 ]Y 2c "Prisonization" refers to the process whereby an inmate learns a. how to cope with his loss of freedom. b. the mechanisms of early release. c. the values and cultuLre of the penitentiary. d. all of the above .15 M Y 477 ]Y 2a Donald Clemmer's study of the prison community suggests that prisonization a. militates against any reform or rehabilitation. b. is a myth. c. exists only in maximNum-security prisons. d. can be repressed by intense custody. ?15 M Y 478-79 ]Y 2d Observations in prisons and the underworld suggest that the inmate code a. is a myth. b. is a "code of honor" that is rigidly adhered to. c. is ignored by violent Poffenders. d. is followed for the most part. /15 M Y 482 ]Y 22d The Martinson report on the effectiveness of correctional treatment a. said little that had not already been said before. b. implied that with few and isolated excReptions, nothing works. c. pushed researchers to sharpen their analytical tools for the evaluation of treatment programs. d. all of the above 15 #M Y 472 ]Y 2b A Delaware study of same-gender sexual contacts reported that a. forced sex between men is common. b. while same-gender contacts may not be widespread, they nevertTheless occur. c. consensual same-gender contacts are frequent. d. prison rape is a myth. [15 &M Y 478 ]Y 2b The inmate code is a. the set of rules for inmate behavior established by prison officials. b. an informal set of rules of inmate behavior that is part of the prisVon culture. c. a secret language inmates use to communicate with each other in the presence of guards or other officials. d. something which has existed in earlier prisons but is relatively rare in contemporary correctional institutions. 15 'M Y 468 ]Y 2qb Most prison inmates were sentenced for ____________ offenses. a. violent b. property c. drug-related d. weapons 15 (M Y 481 ]Y 2;c Alternatives to incarceration for women offenders are being devised because of a. the growing frequency of violence in women's prisons. b. the lack of adequate staYffing in women's prisons. c. the growing number of women inmates with young children. d. a lesser need to protect the community from female criminals. 15 )M Y 460 ]Y 2a Most prison inmates in the United States are a. whites. b. African-Americans. c. Hispanics. d. equal proportions of all three groups. \[]\^_`a] 0(BOOKFONT 0Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi b Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Incicardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi d Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi Inciardi efghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e Criminal Justice, 6e  MMULTIPLE CHOICE TTRUE/FALSE EESSAY FFILL-IN-THE-BLANK SSHORT ANSWER KMATCHING PPROBLEM CCOMPLETION DDICHOTOMOUS VVOCABULARY RFREE RESPONSE 0 No Difficulty 1 Easy 2 Moderate 3 Difficult 4 Very Difficult 5 Advanced F12 AM Y 351 ]Y 3a In the ____________ , an objection to a prospective juror can be made and no legal reason for doing so need be assigned. a. peremptory challenge b. challenge for cause c. ad hoc challenge d. challenge non teus 512 ;M Y 348 ]Y 3b The right to a trial by jury was extended to the states by a. Boggs v. Chicago in 1838. b. Duncan v. Louisiana in 1968. c. Spratt v. Raycroft in 1960. d. Toppin v. Jennings in 1936. %12 ;M Y 348 Y b The right to a trial by jury was extended to the states by a. Boggs v. Chicago in 1838. b. Duncan v. Louisiana in 1968. c. Spratt v. Raycroft in 1960. d. Toppin v. Jennings in 1936.