These notes came after we lost our connection to strauss on 02/09/06 The return 1; inside a program to indicate failure instead of success can be detected at the Unix command line by typing: echo $? If you return 0 in your program then do echo $? immediately, you'll see a 0. If you return 42 in your program and then... you'll see 42, etc... In the context of computer programming, a "robust" program is one that can "correct more errors", or "handle bad input better". One that is less likely to "break". The opposite of robust might be "fragile", or "brittle"